中英双语 | 秋平：正确把握建设中国特色社会保障体系的几个重要关系

正确把握建设中国特色社会保障体系的几个重要关系

Accurately Grasping the Key Relationshipsin Developing a Distinctively Chinese Social Security System

秋平

Qiu Ping

  正确把握建设中国特色社会保障体系的几个重要关系，更有针对性、创造性地开展工作，使政策制定更加科学有效，服务管理更加高效便捷，推动社会保障事业发展不断取得新成效。

  By accurately understanding the key relationships involved in developing a distinctively Chinese social security system, we will be able to work in more targeted and creative ways, make sounder and more effective policies, and provide more efficient and convenient services. This will ensure we continue to secure achievements in advancing social security programs. The key relationships we must balance are as follows.

  目标引领和问题导向的关系。目标引领是要坚持社会保障工作的方向，问题导向则是推进社会保障工作的路径。既要以目标为着眼点，又要以问题为着力点，不能不顾现实问题而设计目标任务，不顾目标方向而陷入具体问题。目标引领，就是要围绕社会保障高质量发展可持续发展主题，合理布局近期、中期、长期任务，有计划、有步骤扎实推进。问题导向，就是要以既定目标来检视存在的问题，着力解决保障覆盖、待遇平衡、制度完善、体制健全等一系列关键性问题，在补短板、强弱项上持续用力。

  Goal-driven and problem-oriented approaches

  A goal-driven approach will help keep social security work on the right path. A problem-oriented approach, on the other hand, will help us make progress along this path. Therefore, we must be both goal-driven and problem-oriented. We should not set objectives without considering real social issues, nor should we become so engrossed in specific problems that we lose sight of our overall objectives and direction. Being goal-driven means focusing on achieving high-quality and sustainable development in social security and carefully planning short-, medium-, and long-term tasks to move forward in a methodical and systematic way. Being problem-oriented means working to identify and address existing issues based on the goals we have set. We should make sustained efforts to shore up areas of weakness and shortcomings, with a focus on resolving key issues, which include expanding coverage, striking a balance in terms of benefits, improving institutions, and strengthening the system.

  系统集成和突出重点的关系。健全社会保障体系是一项系统工程，突出重点体现的则是解决社会保障领域的主要矛盾。既要增强改革整体性，又要以重点领域为突破，分清轻重缓急。系统集成，就是要把健全社会保障体系与经济社会政策相协调，与就业、工资分配、劳动关系相联动，社会保险与社会救助、社会福利相配套，更加注重制度建设、管理体制、扩面调待、基金监管、经办服务、风险防范、队伍建设等全链条统筹衔接。突出重点，就是要集中力量抓好社会保障各领域、各环节重大改革攻坚、重点任务落实，以养老保险制度改革等为牵引，带动整体工作提升。

  Systemic integration and key priorities

  While developing China’s social security arrangement is a systematic project, we also need to concentrate on certain key priorities in order to resolve the main challenges in this field. It is necessary to both make reform more cohesive and focus on delivering breakthroughs in key areas, with priority on the most urgent tasks. To promote system integration, we should ensure that our social security system is well-aligned with economic and social policies, linked to employment, wage distribution, and labor relations, and complemented by social assistance and social welfare programs. We should put a stronger focus on ensuring comprehensive coordination and integration across the entire chain, from system development and management to coverage expansion, benefit adjustments, fund oversight, service administration, risk prevention, and team development. In focusing on key priorities, we should pool resources for advancing major reforms and implementing key tasks in all areas and aspects of social security. In all of this, old-age pension reform should serve as a key lever for driving overall progress.

  统一规范和探索创新的关系。统一规范是健全社会保障制度的重要要求，探索创新则是保持制度活力的重要途径。既要严格执行国家统一的制度规范，又要尊重基层探索实践，坚持原则性和灵活性有机结合。统一规范，就是要遵循社会保障互助共济和大数法则，持续推进提高统筹层次，增强制度的刚性约束，更好做到全国一盘棋。探索创新，就是要在维护制度统一规范的前提下，针对新情况新问题，在具体政策落实、管理服务方式上积极探索创新性政策措施，形成可复制可推广的经验做法，增强制度和管理服务的灵活性包容性适应性。

  Unified standards and innovative explorations

  While unified standards are vital in the development of the social security system, innovation is crucial for maintaining vitality. Therefore, we must both rigorously enforce national unified standards while also respecting explorative practices at the community level, in order to maintain the right balance between adhering to principles and promoting flexibility. Following unified standards means adhering to the principles of mutual aid and shared responsibility in social security, of the law of large numbers, and of steady enhancement of coordination and institutional constraints, so as to promote unified management nationwide. We should, on the basis of upholding unified standards, actively innovate measures for implementing policies and delivering services, with a focus on new situations and problems that have arisen. The aim should be to develop replicable and scalable practices that will help make the social security system and its services more flexible, inclusive, and adaptable.

  政策制定和管理服务的关系。政策制定为社会保障制度不断完善奠定基础，管理服务则是政策落地见效的重要保障。既要增强政策的针对性实效性和可操作性，又要强化管理服务。政策制定，就是要确保高质量的政策供给，经得住实践检验、群众检验，便于基层抓落实。管理服务，就是要在科学合理制定政策的同时，形成与之配套的管理服务架构，适应群众多层次多样化需求，更加注重精细化，让群众对自身利益明明白白、对政策流程清清楚楚，打通“最后一公里”，最大限度便民利企。

  Formulating policies and providing management and services

  Policymaking lays the foundation for improvements to the social security system, while management and services ensure that policies are put into effect. We need to both make our policies more targeted, effective, and practicable and enhance our management and services. In policymaking, we must ensure we are providing high-quality policies that stand up in practice and the eyes of the people and are easy to implement at the community level. In providing management and services, we should see that, on the basis of well-conceived and enabling policies, we put in place a comprehensive management and services framework that is adapted to people’s multi-level and diversified needs, with greater emphasis on providing more meticulous services. We should ensure that people clearly understand their interests and policy processes, and overcome the final hurdles in service provision to create as much convenience as possible for the people and businesses.

  推动发展和确保安全的关系。推动发展是维护社会保障安全的前提，确保安全则是社会保障事业发展的保障。既要以社会保障事业高质量发展可持续发展顺应群众多元化需求、统筹利益关系、回应社会关切、化解社会矛盾，又要增强底线思维和风险意识，把改革力度、发展速度和社会可承受程度统一起来。推动发展，就是要不断健全制度体系，提高社会保障治理能力和水平。确保安全，就是要更加注重防范化解社会保障各类风险隐患，聚焦舆情反应变化、基金支付安全、基金监督管理、网络和数据安全等重点，为社会保障制度稳健运行创造良好的发展环境。

  Development and secure performance

  Development is a prerequisite for ensuring the secure performance of the social security system, while secure performance enables the development of social security programs. On the one hand, we need to ensure high-quality and sustainable development of social security programs to meet people’s diversified needs, coordinate different interests, respond to social concerns, and resolve social problems. On the other hand, we need to prepare for worst-case scenarios and increase our awareness of risks, striking a balance between the pace of reform, the speed of development, and the capacity of society to cope with change. To develop social security programs, we must keep building up our institutions and systems and enhance our governance capacity and standard with regard to administering such programs. To ensure secure performance, we must pay more attention to preventing and defusing all kinds of risks and hidden dangers in the realm of social security, with a focus on changes in public opinion, the security of fund payment processes, fund supervision and management, cyber and data security, and other major areas. This will help foster an environment that enables smooth and stable operations within the social security system.