中国经济高质量发展迈出新步伐
A Decade of Progress in High-Quality Development
秋平
Qiu Ping
中国共产党十八大以来的十年，是中国经济社会发展进程中极不寻常、极不平凡的十年。
The decade since CPC’s 18th National Congress in 2012 has been an extraordinary period in China’s socioeconomic development.
这十年，中国经济实力实现历史性跃升，综合国力和国际影响力显著增强。
In the past decade, China's economy has experienced historic growth and our composite national strength and international influence have increased significantly.
2013—2021年，国内生产总值（GDP）年均增长6.6%，经济增速连续多年在世界主要经济体中位居前列，对世界经济增长的平均贡献率超过30%，居世界第一。
Between 2013 and 2021, its GDP grew at an average annual rate of 6.6%, making China the fastest growing country among the world’s major economies for several consecutive years. Furthermore, China contributed around 30% to the world economic growth, more than any country in the world.
国内生产总值从2012年的53.9万亿元提升至2021年的114.4万亿元，占世界经济的比重从11.3%提升至18.5%，世界第二大经济体、第二大消费市场、制造业第一大国、货物贸易第一大国、外汇储备第一大国的地位进一步巩固和提升。
Its GDP increased from 53.9 trillion yuan (accounting for 11.3% of the world economy) in 2012 to 114.4 trillion yuan (18.5%) in 2021. Its status as having the world’s second largest economy, second largest consumer market, largest manufacturing industry, largest goods trade, and largest foreign exchange reserves were all consolidated.
人均GDP从2012年的6300美元提升至2021年的12551美元，接近世界银行划分的高收入国家门槛值。中国谷物总产量稳居世界首位，220多种工业产品产量稳居世界第一，建成全球最大的高速铁路网、高速公路网、5G网，发展物质基础更加坚实。
Its per capital average GDP increased from US$6,300 in 2012 to US$12,551 in 2021, taking China very close to the World Bank’s definition of a high-income country. China is the world’s largest grain producer and remains ranked first in the world for output of more than 220 industrial products. It has also built the world’s largest networks of high-speed railways and expressways as well as 5G, providing a more solid material foundation for development.
这十年，中国创新发展动能茁壮成长，迈入创新型国家行列。
In the past decade,China'sinnovation-driven development has increased sharply, propelling the country into the ranks of the world’s most innovative countries.
研发投入规模居世界第二。2021年，研究与试验发展（R&D）经费支出2.8万亿元，与GDP之比为2.44%，比2012年提高0.53个百分点。
China has the second-highest R&D investment in the world, reaching 2.8 trillion yuan in 2021, which is equivalent to 2.44% of GDP, an increase of 0.53 percentage points compared with 2012.
新经济蓬勃发展，成为经济发展的重要引擎。2021年，新产业、新业态、新商业模式等“三新”经济增加值相当于GDP的比重为17.25%，比2016年提高1.88个百分点。
We have energized the development of the new economy, which has become an important driver of economic growth. In 2021, the value added of new industries and new forms and models of business accounted for 17.25% of GDP, an increase of 1.88 percentage points compared with 2016.
劳动生产率持续提升。2021年，全员劳动生产率（按2020年价格计算）为146380元/人，比2012年提高80.3%。
Our labor productivity constantly increased, reaching 146,380 yuan per capita in 2021, an increase of 80.3% compared with 2012 (calculated based on prices in 2020).
全球创新指数排名大幅跃升，中国成为全球创新版图中日益重要的一员。世界知识产权组织发布的《2022年全球创新指数报告》显示，中国排名第11位，比2012年上升23位。
China has risen significantly in the Global Innovation Index to 11th place (up 23 places since 2012) according to the Global Innovation Index 2022 Report issued by the World Intellectual Property Organization, making China an increasingly important member of the global innovation community.
这十年，中国协调发展步伐稳健，经济结构调整优化。
In the past decade,China'scoordinated development progressed steadily, and our economy underwent restructuring and upgrading.
产业升级态势向好。2013—2021年，规模以上高技术制造业增加值年均增长11.6%，快于全部规模以上工业4.8个百分点。2021年，服务业增加值占GDP比重达53.3%，比2012年提高7.8个百分点。
Progress was made in industrial upgrading, with an 11.6% increase in the value added of large-scale high-tech manufacturing between 2013 and 2021, 4.8 percentage points higher than the growth in value added for large-scale industries as a whole. In 2021, the value added of the service industry accounted for 53.3% of GDP, an increase of 7.8 percentage points compared with 2012.
需求结构持续优化。2021年，最终消费支出对经济增长的贡献率为65.4%，比2012年提高10.0个百分点，是经济增长第一拉动力。
We constantly optimized our demand structure, and the contribution of final consumption expenditure to economic growth was 65.4%, up 10 percentage points compared with 2012, making it the leading driver of economic growth.
新型城镇化扎实推进，乡村建设全面提速，城乡发展差距进一步缩小。常住人口城镇化率由2012年末的53.10%提高至2021年末的64.72%，城乡居民人均可支配收入之比由2012年的2.88缩小至2021年的2.50。东中西和东北“四大板块”联动发展，区域重大战略有效实施，区域协调发展呈现新面貌。
New-model urbanization steadily progressed, and all aspects of rural development accelerated, with further narrowing of the gap between urban and rural development. The proportion of the population who are permanent urban residents increased from 53.1% in 2012 to 64.72% in 2021, while the ratio between the per capita disposable income of urban residents and that of rural residents fell from 2.88 in 2012 to 2.5 in 2021. We achieved integrated development between China’s four major regions (the eastern, central, western and northeast regions), effectively implemented important regional strategies, and entered a new phase of coordinated regional development.
这十年，中国绿色发展态势向好，美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐。
In the past decade, China has had a positive green development trajectory, and major strides have been taken toward building a beautiful China.
污染防治攻坚战成效显著，人民群众享受到更多蓝天、碧水、净土。2021年，全国地级及以上城市平均空气质量优良天数比例为87.5%，水质优良断面比例达84.9%，受污染耕地安全利用率稳定在90%以上。
Remarkable results have been achieved in the battle against pollution, allowing people to enjoy more blue skies, clear waters, and clean land. In 2021, the proportion of days with good or excellent air quality in cities at or above prefectural level nationwide was 87.5%, the proportion of surface water in China with excellent water quality was 84.9%, and the rate of safe utilization of contaminated arable land remained above 90%.
节能降耗取得实效，能源使用加快向清洁低碳、安全高效转变。2013—2021年，单位GDP能耗累计降低26.4%。2021年，天然气、水核风光电等清洁能源消费占能源消费总量比重为25.5%，比2012年提高11.0个百分点。碳达峰碳中和有序推进，全社会节能环保意识明显提高，绿色健康生产生活方式逐步形成。
Positive results have been achieved in conserving energy and reducing energy consumption, with a rapid shift toward energy use that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient. Between 2013 and 2021, energy consumption per unit GDP cumulatively decreased by 26.4%. In 2021, consumption of clean energy, including natural gas and hydro, nuclear, wind, and solar power accounted for 25.5% of total energy consumption, up 11 percentage points compared with 2012. Efforts to reach peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality are advancing in an orderly manner, public awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection has grown substantially, and environmentally friendly and healthy working and living practices are gradually taking hold.
这十年，中国开放发展迈向更高层次，全面开放新格局加快形成。
In the past decade, China took opening up and development to new levels and accelerated the creation of a new model of opening up.
贸易大国地位日益巩固。2020年，中国货物和服务贸易总额达5.3万亿美元，首次超过美国成为全球第一大贸易国，2021年达6.9万亿美元，继续保持世界第一。
China’s status as a major trading country was consolidated. In 2020, its total trade in goods and services was worth US$5.3 trillion, taking China past the United States to become the world’s largest trading nation for the first time. The country’s total trade in goods and services reached US$6.9 trillion in 2021, maintaining its leading position.
双向投资达到新水平。2021年，实际使用外资1735亿美元，比2012年增长53.1%，再创历史新高；对外直接投资流量达1788亿美元，位居世界第二。
Two-way investment reached new levels, with actually utilized foreign capital of US$173.5 billion in 2021, an increase of 53.1% compared with 2012 and a record high, while outward direct investment reached US$178.8 billion, the second highest in the world.
共建“一带一路”成果丰硕。截至2021年末，中国已与170多个国家和国际组织签署200多份共建“一带一路”合作文件，中老铁路全线开通运营，中欧班列有效发挥国际铁路联运独特优势。
We achieved positive results in the joint development of the Belt and Road Initiative, signing more than 200 cooperation agreements with more than 170 countries and international organizations by the end of 2021. Furthermore, the China-Laos Railway went into operation, and the China-Europe freight train service capitalized upon the unique advantages of international rail transport.
这十年，中国共享发展持续加强，发展成果更多惠及全体人民。
In the past decade, China increased efforts to ensure all its people shared in the fruits of development.
脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，现行贫困标准下9899万农村贫困人口实现脱贫，832个贫困县全部摘帽，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹。
We achieved a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty, with 98.99 million poor rural residents and 832 impoverished counties lifted out of poverty in the past decade based on the current poverty line, thereby resolving the problem of absolute poverty in China once and for all and scoring another miraculous achievement of historic significance.
就业总体稳定。2013—2021年，全国就业人员稳定在7.4亿人以上，城镇新增就业年均1300万人以上。
Employment remained stable overall. Between 2013 and 2021, the total workforce remained stable at more than 740 million, while urban workers increased at an average annual rate of 13 million.
居民收入与经济同步增长。2013—2021年，全国居民人均可支配收入年均实际增长6.6%，快于同期人均GDP年均增速0.5个百分点。
Incomes grew in step with the economy. In the same period, national per capita disposable income grew at an average annual rate of 6.6%, 0.5 percentage points quicker than average annual growth in per capita GDP.
建成世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系，民生新期盼得到更好满足。
We also developed the world’s largest education, social security, and healthcare systems to better meet the changing expectations of our people.
中文编辑：郝遥
英文编辑：李晓琼
审校：张娴 衣小伟
审核：李振通
监制：于波
