推进生态文明建设需要处理好“五个重大关系”
Properly Handling Five Relationships in Advancing Ecological Conservation
秋平
Qiu Ping
准确把握高质量发展和高水平保护的关系。站在人与自然和谐共生的高度统筹谋划发展，坚持绿水青山就是金山银山理念，自觉把经济活动、人的行为限制在自然资源和生态环境能够承受的限度内，通过高水平保护不断塑造发展的新动能、新优势，着力构建绿色低碳循环经济体系，持续增强发展的潜力和后劲。
First, the relationship between high-quality development and high-standard environmental protection. On the one hand, we must maintain harmony between humanity and nature when planning our development, ensuring that economic and other human activities remain within resource and environmental carrying capacities in line with the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. On the other hand, high-standard environmental protection will allow us to constantly generate new development drivers and strengths and build a green, low-carbon, and circular economy. This will help bolster the potential and sustainability of our development on an ongoing basis.
准确把握重点攻坚和协同治理的关系。统筹考虑环境要素的复杂性、生态系统的完整性、自然地理单元的连续性、经济社会发展的可持续性，坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，统筹产业结构调整、污染治理、生态保护、应对气候变化，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，防止头痛医头、脚痛医脚。
Second, the relationship between key tasks and coordinated governance. Given the complexity of environmental elements, the integrated nature of ecosystems, the contiguity of natural geographical units, and the need for sustainable socioeconomic development, we must take a holistic and systematic approach to conserving and improving mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems and refrain from treating superficial symptoms with stopgap measures. To this end, steps should be taken to coordinate industrial restructuring, pollution control, ecological conservation, and climate response, and concerted efforts should be made to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, expand green development, and pursue economic growth.
准确把握自然恢复和人工修复的关系。坚持人与自然生命共同体理念，构建从山顶到海洋的保护治理大格局，综合运用自然恢复和人工修复两种手段，因地因时制宜、分区分类施策，努力找到生态保护修复的最佳解决方案。
Third, the relationship between letting nature restore itself and pursuing human restoration efforts. A comprehensive framework for ecological conservation should be set up to remediate ecosystems from the mountaintop to the ocean, with a commitment to building a community of life for humanity and nature. In this process, using a combination of natural and artificial methods, we should tailor measures to local conditions and current situations to find optimal solutions to protect and restore ecosystems.
准确把握外部约束和内生动力的关系。弘扬生态文明理念，培育生态文化，挖掘根植于中华优秀传统文化的生态价值观深厚底蕴，增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，激发起全社会共同呵护生态环境、建设生态文明的合力。
Fourth, the relationship between external constraints and intrinsic motivation. Energy should be devoted to promoting the concept of ecological civilization, fostering ecological culture, and drawing on the profound ecological values rooted in China’s traditional culture. By doing so, we can raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment, and preserve ecosystems, and encourage the extensive engagement of the whole society in concerted environmental protection efforts.
准确把握“双碳”承诺和自主行动的关系。中国承诺的“双碳”目标是确定不移的，但达到这一目标的路径和方式、节奏和力度则应该而且必须由中国自己作主，决不受他人左右。在路径和方式上，要立足中国能源资源禀赋，按照“1+N”政策体系部署，加快形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式、生活方式、空间格局。在节奏和力度上，要坚持先立后破，有计划分步骤实现“双碳”目标，坚决制止“碳冲锋”和“运动式减碳”。
Fifth, the relationship between our commitment to and independent actions for peak carbon and carbon neutrality. Our commitment to “dual carbon” goals is unwavering, but the path, methods, pace, and intensity by which they are attained will be decided by us and not influenced by others.
In terms of the path and methods, we need to press ahead with initiatives under the “1+N” policy framework for reaching peak carbon and carbon neutrality based on China’s energy and resource endowment. This will enable us to accelerate the formation of industrial structures, modes of production, ways of life, and spatial layouts that are conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. With regard to the pace and intensity, we ought to work toward the “dual carbon” goals in a well-planned and phased manner in line with the principle of building the new before discarding the old. Resolute moves must be taken to prevent a rush to launch energy-intensive and high-emission projects ahead of the deadline for peak carbon, as well as campaign-style carbon reduction drives featuring unrealistic goals and one-size-fits-all approaches.
中文责编：郝遥
英文责编：王翠芳
英文审校：聂悄语 蒋雯燕
监制：于波 李小娟
